Since the report of the first patients in December 2019 ( 1, 2), the unprecedented global scale of the COVID-19 pandemic has become apparent. These convergent clonotypes provide a resource to identify potential therapeutic and prophylactic antibodies and demonstrate the potential of BCR profiling as a tool to help understand patient responses. Convergence was also demonstrated across wide geographies by comparison of data sets between patients from UK, USA, and China, further validating the disease association and consistency of the stereotypical immune response even at the sequence level. A subset of the convergent clonotypes were homologous to known SARS and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein neutralizing antibodies. There was a strong convergent sequence signature across patients, and we identified 1,254 clonotypes convergent between at least four of the COVID-19 patients, but not present in healthy controls or individuals following seasonal influenza vaccination. Clonal expansion of the B cell population is also observed and may be the result of memory bystander effects. 7Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute and Department of Oncology, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdomĭeep sequencing of B cell receptor (BCR) heavy chains from a cohort of 31 COVID-19 patients from the UK reveals a stereotypical naive immune response to SARS-CoV-2 which is consistent across patients.6Translational Research Program, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain.5Illumina, Inc., Illumina Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom.4Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.3Oxford Protein Informatics Group, Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.2Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, United Kingdom.1Alchemab Therapeutics Ltd, London, United Kingdom.Pennington 4, Paul Pfeffer 4 and Jane Osbourn 1 Deane 3, Joan Seoane 6, Carlos Caldas 7, Daniel J. James 4, Gavin Thomas 4, Wing-Yiu Jason Lee 4, Jason Betley 5, Olivia Cavlan 1, Alex Leech 1, Charlotte M. Raybould 3, Aleksandr Kovaltsuk 3, Gavin J. Galson 1*, Sebastian Schaetzle 1, Rachael J.
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